EURAD-2 - D5.1 SotA on innovative non-destructive techniques, destructive techniques, scaling factors for use cases

This report presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of techniques used to characterise Low-Level and Intermediate-Level radioactive waste (LILW) from nuclear operations and facilities. The report catalogues and details various assessment methodologies spanning physical, chemical, radiochemical, radiological, and empirical domains. By identifying existing challenges in waste characterisation, the analysis presents solutions designed to improve measurement techniques' efficiency, accuracy, and reliability.

The report is structured around five core areas: General Waste Characterisation Approaches, Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT), Destructive Techniques (DT), Scaling Factor (SF) Methods, and Optimisation in Industrial Scenarios.