Lunch-and-learn session - Polish Radioactive Waste Management Plant R&D Programme

The presentation outlines the strategic role and planned research and development (R&D) program of the Radioactive Waste Management Plant (ZUOP), which is the sole operator of radioactive waste disposal facilities in Poland and is responsible for the management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.  The program is closely aligned with the national policy framework and addresses key challenges related to the safe operation, closure, and future expansion of waste management infrastructure, including the existing repository in Różan and the planned development of new near-surface and deep geological repositories.

The R&D activities are focused on ensuring the long-term safety and effectiveness of radioactive waste management systems across their entire lifecycle. A significant component concerns the continued safe operation and eventual closure of the existing repository, including the assessment of engineered barriers, investigation of material ageing processes, and analysis of radionuclide migration in the environment.  In parallel, the program addresses the complex task of retrieving and managing historical waste stored at the site, with emphasis on safety, waste characterisation, and evaluation of suitable processing and disposal pathways. 

A major priority is the development of a new near-surface repository, which requires comprehensive site selection studies, including geological, hydrogeological, and environmental analyses, as well as the design of engineered barrier systems and repository structures.  The program also includes the formulation of waste acceptance criteria and the development of monitoring systems to ensure safety during operation and after closure.  Research on multibarrier systems plays a key role, focusing on the selection and testing of materials, modelling of radionuclide transport, and the design of safe waste packages and containers. 

In addition, the program supports the development of advanced methods for waste treatment and conditioning, including mechanical, chemical, and thermal processing, as well as immobilization techniques based on cementitious and geopolymer matrices.  These efforts aim to address both existing waste streams and future waste arising from nuclear power plants, including more complex and organic waste forms. 

Long-term objectives of the program include the establishment of a deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, supported by the creation of a Polish Underground Research Laboratory (PURL).  The research conducted within the program is intended to provide the scientific and technical basis for the safe design and implementation of such facilities in the future. 

Overall, the ZUOP R&D program represents a comprehensive and integrated approach to radioactive waste management, combining infrastructure development, technological innovation, safety assessment, and long-term planning to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and support the sustainable development of nuclear energy in Poland.